Hate speech and hate-based harassment in online games (Frontiers in Psychology)

According to the study, people who are less affected and frequently return to online gaming may be maintaining the normalization of hatred. While individuals who remain are more likely to report hatred, those who are exposed to it prefer to retreat. Hatred targets minority groups more frequently, makes them more likely to retreat, and makes them feel more threatened. Participants who are regularly singled out or who observe victimization feel more in risk. Although further study is required to identify causative trends, results indicate that targeted persons frequently go, allowing those who are less impacted to continue and define the group culture and further normalize hatred.

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1422422/full