Toxic online discourses have the potential to cause disputes or damage communities. Without a formal study of hate speech datasets, existing reviews frequently concentrate on certain hate speech categories. This study highlights datasets, characteristics, and machine learning models while conducting a methodical analysis of textual hate speech detection systems. 138 publications were analyzed, and the findings vary by category. The most common methods combine deep learning models. There is a demand for improved resources since many datasets are limited and unreliable for a variety of activities. This study offers insights into the characteristics of hate speech and makes recommendations for future research paths.

https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/6/273

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