Educational institutions are under increasing pressure to stop and deal with hate speech in the postdigital age. The necessity to combat harmful provocation that threatens social cohesion and democracy, even if it is not unlawful, is highlighted in the Council of Europe’s CM/Rec(2022)16. In post-truth situations, educators face the difficulties of polarization and disinformation. In order to create culturally sensitive education, it is important to comprehend how hate speech on social media frequently mirrors common psychological and societal tendencies. Critical thinking and responsibility should be combined in media education, encouraging students to think about the consequences of their online behavior. This chapter examines hate speech as a “useful but confusing” notion, how it spreads via digital channels, and how it changes in the information age. It reinterprets hate speech as a problem of media education related to “Onlife Citizenship.” https://www.intechopen.com/online-first/1216957 Share this: Click to print (Opens in new window) Print Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) WhatsApp Click to share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email Like this:Like Loading... Post navigation Hate Speech and social media: A Systematic Review (Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry) Topological data mapping of online hate speech, misinformation, and general mental health: A large language model based study (PLOS. Digital Health)