According to recent data, one in three adults in Australia have witnessed online hate, and almost one in five have directly experienced it. The numbers are significantly higher among younger users. The hidden, ambiguous, and coded forms of online hate cannot be addressed by legal methods alone, even though governments are expected to respond through legislation. The present policy brief uses 136 documents released between 2013 and 2023 to map non-governmental initiatives to controlling hate speech online. We distinguish three primary categories of initiatives: platform self-regulation, co-regulation in collaboration with state authorities, and civil society activities including community projects and education campaigns. When taken as a whole, these strategies show how crucial complementing non-legal remedies are to reducing harm, safeguarding users, and creating safer online spaces in Australia. https://tacklinghate.org/our-work/beyond-laws-regulating-online-hate-through-collective-action/ Share this: Print (Opens in new window) Print Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit Share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) WhatsApp Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email Like this:Like Loading... Post navigation Tending to the Digital Commons: Examining the Potential of Artificial Intelligence to Detect and Respond to Toxic Speech (Toda Peace Institute) Meta Oversight Board’s Nascent Standard on Hate Speech: Towards Plural Standard Setting in International Human Rights Law (SSRN)