“The line between off-line and online is dynamic and permeable; traditional off-line conflicts such as cattle rustling are discussed online, amplified, and incite reactions on the ground–which then are played back online. Consequently, peacebuilding responses to online harms need to also reflect understanding of this dynamic, incorporating analysis of each sphere and tailoring responses to both online manifestations and off-line origins. … Peacebuilding responses to social media harms are increasingly focused on building resilience within societies. These resilience tools are more effective when they are designed for the long-term and when they are locally-driven as local peacebuilders are best placed to understand context and potential for success.”
https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Social-Media-Discussion-Paper-12172021.pdf
More on countering extremism and hate speech:
https://counter-terrorism.org