Our results identify five different research perspectives adopted by studies on the issue: (1) systematic perspectives on problems of operationalizing (online) hate speech; (2) intentionalist perspectives on actors and their motives; (3) consequentialist perspectives on victims of online hate speech; (4) perspectives on media affordances, infrastructures, and strategies of online hate speech; and finally, (5) normative perspectives on the consequences of online hate speech. Additionally, we want to propose a functionalist perspective on hate communication and, for this purpose, develop a systems-theoretical and media-sociological framework for analyzing online hate speech. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10714421.2023.2208513 Share this: Print (Opens in new window) Print Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit Share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) WhatsApp Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email Like this:Like Loading... Post navigation Deep Learning Approach for Classifying the Aggressive Comments on Social Media: Machine Translated Data Vs Real Life Data (arXiv) MULTILINGUAL HATE SPEECH AND OFFENSIVE LANGUAGE DETECTION (Eur. Chem. Bull.)